Comparison of different methods of sputum aspiration in children with bronchopneumonia / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To compare the effect of different methods of sputum aspiration in children with bronchopneumonia and explore the appropriate sputum aspiration methods for children with bronchopneumonia.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. The convenience sampling method was used to select 165 children with bronchopneumonia treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 8, 2020 to September 30, 2021 as the research objects. They were divided into group A, group B and group C by random number table method, with 55 cases in each group. Group A used sputum aspirating tube to aspirate sputum through mouth and nose, group B used olive head to aspirate sputum through nose, and group C used both sputum aspirating tube to aspirate sputum through mouth and olive head through nose. The sputum aspirating effect, respiratory mucosal injury rate and satisfaction degree of children′s parents were compared among the three groups.Results:Finally, there were 53 cases in group A, 54 cases in group B and 53 cases in group C. The total effective rate of sputum aspiration was 96.21%(584/607) in group C, which was higher than that in group A 94.32% (581/616) and in group B 74.12% (464/626), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=194.62, P<0.01), pairwise comparison among the three groups showed statistical difference ( χ2=95.95, 11.32, 132.16, all P<0.017). The respiratory mucosal injury rate was 1.12% (7/626) in group B, which was lower than that in group C 3.13% (19/607) and in group A 10.39% (64/616), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=63.53, P<0.01), pairwise comparison among the three groups showed statistical difference ( χ2=49.52, 25.47, 6.04, all P<0.017). The satisfaction degree of children′s parents in group C was 98.11% (52/53), which was higher than that in group B 90.74% (49/54) and in group A 81.13% (43/53), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.54, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the satisfaction degree of children′s parents between group A and group B, and between group B and group C( P>0.017). There was statistically significant difference in the satisfaction degree of children′s parents between group A and group C ( χ2=8.22, P<0.017). Conclusions:The combination of oral suction tube and nasal suction with olive head can improve the sputum aspirating effect of children with bronchopneumonia and the satisfaction degree of their parents, with a low rate of respiratory mucosal injury and high safety, which is worthy of clinical reference.

Protective Effect of Flos Puerariae，Hoveniae Semen， and Their Compatibility on Acute Alcoholic Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice and Mechanism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the improvement effect of Flos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility on acute alcoholic gastric mucosal injury， and lay a foundation for further development of Flos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility in the prevention and treatment of alcohol-induced multiple organ injury. MethodThe acute alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury model of mice was established by multiple intragastric administration of 56% Hongxing Erguotou liquor （15 mL·kg-1）. A total of 120 male ICR mice were randomly divided into 8 groups， namely， the blank group， model group， omeprazole group （0.026 g·kg-1）， Flos Puerariae-Hoveniae Semen （compatibility） high， medium， and low-dose groups （29.2，14.6， 7.3 g·kg-1）， Flos Puerariae group （19.5 g·kg-1）， and Hoveniae Semen group （19.5 g·kg-1）， with 15 mice in each group. After one week of adaptive feeding， the animals were pre-administrated with the corresponding drug at the rate of 10 mL·kg-1 for 3 d. From the 4th day， after 1 h of administration， Erguotou liquid was administrated at the rate of 15 mL·kg-1 and the blank group was administrated with the same volume of deionized water to record the drunkenness and sober up time. The administration was lasted for 3 d. One hour after the last administration， the eyeballs were removed and the mice were sacrificed. The concentration of ethanol in serum was determined by gas chromatograph， and the activity of ethanol dehydrogenase （ADH） in gastric mucosa was determined by ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometer. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in gastric mucosa. Serum inflammatory factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） p65 and NF-κB inhibitory protein α （IκBα） were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultAs compared with the normal group， the content of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in serum of mice in the model group was increased （P<0.05）， the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosa tissues was increased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα was decreased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the drunkenness time of the omeprazole group， high and medium-dose compatibility groups， and Flos Puerariae group was prolonged （P<0.05）， the sober up time of the high and medium-dose compatibility groups was shortened （P<0.05）， the ethanol concentration in the serum of the high-dose compatibility group was decreased （P<0.05）， the ADH activity in the gastric mucosa of the omeprazole group and high and medium-dose compatibility groups was increased （P<0.05）， the macroscopic injury score of the high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups and Flos Puerariae group was decreased （P<0.05）， the score of pathological injury in the omeprazole group， high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups， and Flos Puerariae group was decreased （P<0.01）， the expression of IL-6 in serum of all drug groups was decreased （P<0.05）， the expression of IL-1β in serum of the omeprazole group， high， medium， and low-dose Flos Puerariae groups， and Hoveniae Semen group was decreased （P<0.05）， the expression of TNF-α in serum of high and medium-dose groups was decreased （P<0.05）， the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in gastric mucosa tissues of all drug groups was decreased （P<0.05）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα in gastric mucosa tissues of the omeprazole group and high， medium， and low-dose compatibility groups was increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the high-dose compatibility group， the drunkenness time in the low-dose compatibility group and Hoveniae Semen group was shortened （P<0.01）， the sober up time in the Flos Puerariae and Hoveniae Semen groups was prolonged （P<0.01）， the concentration of ethanol in the serum of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group increased （P<0.05）， the macroscopic injury score of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）， the pathological injury score of the medium and low-dose compatibility groups， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， the content of IL-1β in serum of low-dose compatibility group， Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression of IκBα in gastric mucosa of the Flos Puerariae group and Hoveniae Semen group was decreased （P<0.05）. As compared with the medium-dose compatibility group， the drunkenness time in the Hoveniae Semen group was shortened （P<0.05）， the sober up time in the Flos Puerariae group was prolonged （P<0.05）， the pathological injury score in the Flos Puerariae group and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.01）， and the content of IL-1β in serum of the low-dose compatibility group， the Flos Puerariae group， and Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）. As compared with the low-dose compatibility group， the pathological injury score of the Hoveniae Semen group was increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionFlos Puerariae， Hoveniae Semen， and their compatibility play a role in preventing and treating acute alcoholic gastric mucosal injury in mice， which may be related to the inhibition of the expression of NF-κB signal pathway in gastric mucosa， and the high-dose compatibility group has the optimal effect.

Effect of moxibustion on colonic mucosal injury and expression of CGRP positive nerve fibers of distal colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis mice / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of moxibustion at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on distal, middle and proximal colonic mucosal injury and expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) positive nerve fibers of distal colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis (UC) mice at different time points.@*METHODS@#A total of 51 C57BL/6N mice were randomized into a 7-day control group (@*RESULTS@#Mucosal injury can be observed in mice after modeling, displaying epithelial layer disappearance, abnormal crypt structure or crypt disappearance. Compared with the 7-day control group, colon length was shortened (@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion at "Zusanli" (ST 36) can reduce the expressions of positive nerve fibers of colonic mucosa and CGRP positive nerve fibers of distal colonic mucosa, thus, improve the colonic mucosal injury.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NOD-like receptor protein 3 involves in intestinal mucosal injury induced by severe heat stroke / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To observe whether endoplasmic reticulum stress and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation were involved in severe heat stroke induced intestinal mucosal injury and to investigate the potential protective effect of the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA).Methods:Thirty male BALB/c mice were randomly (random number) assigned to 3 groups: the control group, heat stroke group (HS), and 4-PBA pretreatment group (4-PBA+HS, 4-PBA 120 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection). Mice in the control group were placed at room temperature, while mice in the HS group and 4-PBA+HS group were placed in a prewarmed chamber [temperature (35.5±0.5) °C, humidity (60.0±5.0)%]. A rectal temperature (Tc) that reached 42 °C was considered to indicate severe heat stroke. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in intestinal homogenate were analyzed by a colorimetric method, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were assessed by ELISA, intestinal histopathology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, intestinal ultrastructure was observed by electron microscopy, and the protein expression of GRP78, CHOP, NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 were analyzed by Western blot. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and LSD- t multiple comparison test if homogeneous variance, or analyzed by Welch test and Dunnett's T3 multiple comparison test if heterogeneous variance. Results:The concentration of MDA in the HS group was increased ( t=14.243, P<0.01), while SOD was decreased compared with that in the control group ( t=7.781, P<0.01), and the concentrations of serum IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly elevated ( t=12.664, P<0.01; t=16.240, P<0.01). Under light microscopy, extensive destruction of small intestinal villi and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the intestines of mice with severe heat stroke. Transmission electron microscopy showed that endoplasmic reticulum structures were significantly expanded, and mitochondria were vacuolated in the intestines of mice with severe heat stroke. Compared with those in the control group, the protein expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 in the small intestine were elevated in the HS group ( t=14.824, P <0.01; t=12.667, P<0.01; t=9.298, P<0.01; and t=6.588, P=0.001). Compared with those in the HS group, mice in the 4-PBA pretreatment group exhibited reduced concentrations of MDA ( t=9.167, P<0.01), increased SOD ( t=6.077, P<0.01) , and reduced serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels ( t=4.889, P= 0.001; t=5.693, P<0.01). In addition, 4-PBA pretreatment significantly alleviated the pathological disruption and ultrastructural damage to small intestine tissues. Moreover, 4-PBA pretreatment reduced GRP78, CHOP , NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 protein expression ( t=9.080, P<0.01; t=7.152, P<0.01; t=4.249, P=0.005; t=3.650, P=0.011). Conclusions:Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome are involved in intestinal mucosal injury induced by severe heat stroke. 4-PBA plays a protective role by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Effect of Weikang Capsule () on Aspirin-Related Gastric and Small Intestinal Mucosal Injury / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of Weikang Capsule (, WKC) on aspirin-related gastric and small intestinal mucosal injury by magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCCE).@*METHODS@#Patients taking enteric-coated aspirin aged 40-75 years were enrolled in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to December 2019. The patients continued taking aspirin Tablet (100 mg per day) and underwent MCCE before and after 1-month combined treatment with WKC (0.9 g per time orally, 3 times per day). The gastrointestinal symptom score, gastric Lanza score, the duodenal, jejunal and ileal mucosal injury scores were used to evaluate the gastrointestinal injury before and after treatment. Adverse events including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, abdominal discomfort, dizziness, or headache during MCCE and combined treatment were observed and recorded.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-two patients (male/female, 13/9) taking enteric-coated aspirin aged 59.5 ± 11.3 years with a duration of aspirin use of 28.0 (1.0, 48.0) months were recruited. Compared with pre-treatment, the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores, gastric Lanza scores, and duodenal mucosal injury scores were significantly reduced after 1-month WKC treatment (P<0.05), and jejunal and ileal mucosal injury scores showed no obvious change. No adverse events occurred during the trial.@*CONCLUSIONS@#WKC can alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as gastric and duodenal mucosal injuries, in patients taking enteric-coated aspirin; it does not aggravate jejunal or ileal mucosal injury, which may be an effective alternative for these patients (Clinical trial registry No. ChiCTR1900025451).

Curcumin mediates IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway to repair intestinal mucosal injury induced by 5-FU chemotherapy for colon cancer / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the potential mechanism of curcumin in mediating interleukin-6(IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) signaling pathway to repair intestinal mucosal injury induced by 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) chemotherapy for colon cancer. SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with 60 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) 5-FU for 4 days to establish a model of intestinal mucosal injury. Then the rats were randomly divided into model group(equal volume of normal saline), curcumin low, medium and high dose groups(50, 100, 200 mg·kg~(-1)), and normal SD rats were used as control group(equal volume of normal saline). Each group received gavage administration for 4 consecutive days, and the changes of body weight and feces were recorded every day. After administration, blood was collected from the heart, and jejunum tissues were collected. The levels of serum interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were detected by ELISA, and at the same time, the concentration of Evans blue(EB) in jejunum was measured. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological state of jejunum, and the length of jejunum villi and the depth of crypt were measured. The positive expression levels of claudin, occludin and ZO-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of IL-6, p-STAT3, E-cadherin, vimentin and N-cadherin in jejunum tissues. The results showed that, curcumin significantly increased body weight and fecal weight(P<0.05 or P<0.01), decreased fecal score, EB concentration, IL-1β and TNF-α levels(P<0.05 or P<0.01) in rats. In addition, curcumin maintained the integrity of mucosal surface and villi structure of jejunum to a large extent, and reduced pathological changes in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, curcumin could increase the positive expression of occludin, claudin and ZO-1(P<0.05 or P<0.01), repair intestinal barrier function, downregulate the protein expression of IL-6, p-STAT3, vimentin and N-cadherin in jejunum tissues(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and upregulate the protein expression of E-cadherin(P<0.05). Therefore, curcumin could repair the intestinal mucosal injury induced by 5-FU chemotherapy for colon cancer, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 signal and the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) process.

A relação da prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer com lesões de mucosa oral em recém-nascidos e prevalência de anquiloglossia de acordo com critérios diagnósticos / The relationship of prematurity and low birth weight with oral mucosal lesions in newborns and prevalence of ankyloglossia according to diagnostic criteria

Objetivo: 1) verificar a associação da prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascimento (BPN) com a ocorrência de lesões de mucosa oral em recém-nascidos (RN), fatores de saúde materno-infantil e socioeconômicos, por meio de um estudo transversal; e 2) avaliar a prevalência de anquiloglossia em bebês, crianças e adolescentes de acordo com diferentes critérios diagnósticos, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Métodos: 1) O estudo contou com uma amostra de 431 pares de mães e recémnascidos. A coleta foi realizada no período de agosto de 2016 a abril de 2017. Após o nascimento, os bebês tiveram a cavidade bucal examinada para lesões de mucosa. A regressão logística bivariada e multivariada foi utilizada para a análise dos dados. O nível de significância foi de 5%. 2) Foram realizadas buscas eletrônicas em nove bases de dados até 2021. Por meio da meta-análise de efeitos aleatórios, foi avaliada a prevalência bruta de anquiloglossia e para sexo. Uma metaanálise de efeitos mistos foi usada para análise de sugrupos por critérios diagnósticos e idade. Calculamos a RP e o IC de 95% da ocorrência de anquiloglossia em meninos, em comparação com meninas e avaliamos a certeza das evidências usando a abordagem GRADE. Resultados: 1) Prematuridade e BPN foram associados com pérolas de Epstein (odds ratio [OR]: 1,7; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC]: 1,03­3,0; OR: 1,8; IC95%: 1,1­3,2, respectivamente) e mucocele (OR: 4,6; IC95%: 1,3­16,1; OR: 3,7; IC95%: 1,1­13,1, respectivamente), mas não à anquiloglossia (OR: 1,0; IC95%: 0,5­2,1; OR: 0,7; IC95%: 0,3 -1,6, respectivamente) ou amamentação (OR: 0,5; IC95%: 0,1-2,1; OR: 1,9; IC95%: 0,2- 15,6, respectivamente). A prematuridade foi associada à gravidez de alto risco (OR: 2,3; IC 95%: 1,3­3,9), estar na incubadora (OR: 3,2; IC 95%: 1,7­5,9) e baixo nível socioeconômico (OR: 2,4; IC de 95%: 1,1-5,2). 2) Setenta e três estudos observacionais foram incluídos (72 na meta-análise). Havia cinco diferentes critérios diagnósticos validados. A prevalência geral bruta de anquiloglossia foi de 4% (IC95%: 3% - 4%) variando de 67% para o critério de Coryllos (IC95%: 40% - 94%) a 2% para estudos que usaram critérios próprios (2%; IC95% : 2% - 2%). A prevalência foi similar entre faixas etárias e sexos. Entretanto, meninos tiveram 1,29 mais risco de ter anquiloglossia do que meninas (95%IC: 1,04-1,59) com muito baixa certeza de evidência. Conclusão: 1) Recém-nascidos prematuros e com BPN foram mais propensos a ter pérolas de Epstein e mucocele do que RN à termo e com peso normal. Amamentação e anquiloglossia não foram associadas à prematuridade e BPN. A prematuridade também foi associada à gravidez de alto risco, estar na incubadora e baixo nível socioeconômico. 2) A prevalência de anquiloglossia geral foi baixa, e maior para critérios diagnósticos validados comparado aos critérios próprios usados pelos autores. A prevalência de anquiloglossia foi semelhante para grupos de idade e sexo. Com muita baixa certeza da evidência, não podemos afirmar que meninos têm mais anquiloglossia que meninas.

Objective: This thesis describes two studies with the following objectives: 1) one cross-sectional study that aimed to associate prematurity and birth weight with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions in newborns and associated factors, and 2) one systematic review that evaluated the prevalence of ankyloglossia in babies, children and adolescents according to different diagnostic criteria. Methods: 1) In the crosssectional study, the sample comprised 431 pairs of mothers and newborns born at the University Hospital of Federal University of Minas Gerais. The study included mothers and newborns present in the hospital from August 2016 to April 2017. We excluded newborns with congenital anomalies or syndromes. A trained and calibrated dentist examined the mouth of the newborns for oral mucosal lesions (Kappa = 0.90). The lesions evaluated were dental lamina cysts, Bohn's nodules, Epstein's pearls, mucocele and ankyloglossia. Mothers answered a self-administered questionnaire related to socioeconomic indicators and prenatal habits. Medical records were evaluated to collect information about prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, maternal and newborn health conditions. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis. The level of significance was 5%. 2) For the systematic review, nine electronic databases were searched from interception up to May 2021 with no restrictions imposed regarding on year of publication or language. Paired independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we pooled the crude prevalence of ankyloglossia in general and by sex. Using mixed effect-meta-analysis, we subgrouped by diagnostic criteria and age. We calculated the PR and 95%CI of the occurrence of ankyloglossia in boys compared to girls, and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Results: 1) Prematurity and LBW were associated with Epstein pearls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03­3.0; OR: 1.8; 95%CI: 1.1­3.2, respectively) and mucocele (OR: 4.6; 95%CI: 1.3­16.1; OR: 3.7; 95%CI: 1.1­13.1, respectively), but not to ankyloglossia (OR: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.5­2.1; OR: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.3­1.6, respectively) or breastfeeding (OR: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.1-2.1; OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 0.2­ 15.6, respectively). Prematurity was associated to high-risk pregnancy (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3­3.9), being in the incubator (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.7­5,) and low socioeconomic status (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.2). 2). 2) Seventy-three observational studies were included in the systematic review (72 in the meta-analysis). There were five different validated diagnostic criteria for ankyloglossia. The overall crude prevalence of ankyloglossia was 4% (95%CI: 3%-4%) varying from 67% for Coryllos criteria (40%- 94%) to 2% for those studies using own criteria (2%; 95%CI: 2%-2%). There was a similar prevalence for age groups and both sexes. Boys had 1.29 more risk of having ankyloglossia (95%CI: 1.04-1.59) with very low certainty. Conclusion: 1) Preterm and LBW newborns were more likely to have Epstein pearls and mucocele than full terms. Breastfeeding and ankyloglossia were not associated with prematurity and LBW. Prematurity was also associated with high-risk pregnancy, being in the incubator and low socioeconomic status. 2) The prevalence of ankyloglossia varied among all instruments used; with validated diagnostic criteria showing higher prevalence and non-validated or own criteria showing low prevalence. With low certainty, we could not affirm that boys are more prone to have ankyloglossia compared to girls.

Protective effects of Dendrobium officinale superfine powder against LPS-induced intestinal mucosal injury in mice / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of Dendrobium officinale in LPS-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Forty SPF-grade C57 BL/6 J male mice were randomly divided into normal group(NC), model group(LPS), and two superfine powder groups of Dendrobium officinale(DOF)(DOF-L, 0.30 g·kg~(-1)and DOF-H, 0.60 g·kg~(-1), respectively), with 10 mice in each group. DOF superfine powder suspension was given via oral administration to mice for 7 days, while the mice in NC and LPS groups received the same volume of saline for 7 days. On the eighth day, the mice in LPS group and DOF treatment groups were injected with LPS(5 mg·kg~(-1)) by intraperitoneal injection to establish the intestinal mucosal injury model, while the mice in NC group were injected with the same volume of sterile saline in the same manner. Six hours after injection with LPS or saline, plasma and the intestinal tissue were collected. The diamine oxidase(DAO) and D-lactate levels in plasma were detected with a biochemical method. The levels of proinflammatory factors interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in plasma were detected by ELISA. The histomorphology and ultrastructure of mouse ileum tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining in optical microscope and transmission electron microscope(TEM). The expression and distribution of tight junction(TJ) proteins claudin-1, occludin and F4/80 were detected by immunohistochemistry while the protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4) and nuclear factor kappa B p65(NF-κB p65) in jejunum were detected by Western blot. The experimental results showed that continuous intragastric administration of D. officinale superfine powder for 7 days obviously alleviated the damage and ultrastructural changes of intestinal mucosa induced by LPS; significantly decreased DAO and D-lactate levels in plasma in model group(P<0.05); up-regulated the protein expression of claudin-1 and occludin in ileum tissues; down-regulated the protein expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB p65 in jejunum tissues(P<0.01); significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in plasma(P<0.05); and decreased the infiltration of F4/80~+ macrophage cells. Our results suggested that D. officinale had significant protective effects on LPS-induced intestinal mucosal damage and reduced intestinal permeability. The mechanism might be related to its effects of inhibiting inflammation via TLR-4/NF-κB p65, and up-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins.

Effect of acupuncture on intestinal flora in rats with stress gastric ulcer / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupuncture at "Baihui" (GV 20), "Zhongwan" (CV 12) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) on intestinal flora in rats with stress gastric ulcer (SGU) , and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture promoting SGU recovery.@*METHODS@#Thirty-one SPF SD rats were randomly divided into a control group (7 rats), a model control group (8 rats), an acupuncture group (8 rats) and a medication group (8 rats). The rats in the model group, acupuncture group and medication group were selected to applied the improved restraint water-immersion stress method to establish the SGU model. After modeling, the rats in the control group and model group were fixed and restrained for 20 min every day for a total of 5 days; the rats in the acupuncture group were intervented with acupuncture at "Baihui" (GV 20), "Zhongwan" (CV 12) and "Zusanli" (ST 36), once a day, 20 min each time, and twisting needle for 30 s every 5 min for a total of 5 days; the rats in the medication group were gavaged by solution of omeprazole enteric-coated tablet (200 mg/mL), 2 mL for each rat, once a day. Guth method was used to calculate the gastric mucosal damage index (GMDI), HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of gastric mucosa, and 16SrDNA identification was used to detect the structural abundance of intestinal flora.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the GMDI of rats in the model group was increased (<0.01), the gastric mucosal pathological changes were significant, and the intestinal flora richness index Chao1, Observed species and diversity index Shannon were all decreased (<0.05), the diversity index Simpson was increased (<0.05). Compared with the model group, the GMDI of rats in the acupuncture group and medication group was reduced (<0.01, <0.05), the gastric mucosal damage degree was reduced, and the intestinal flora richness index Chao1, Observed species and diversity index Shannon were all increased (<0.05) and the diversity index Simpson decreased (<0.05). Compared with the medication group, the GMDI of rats in the acupuncture group was reduced (<0.01), the recovery of gastric mucosal injury was better than that of the medication group.@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture can effectively improve gastric mucosal injury of SGU, and the mechanism may be related to increasing the diversity of intestinal flora and promoting the correction of the disordered intestinal flora.

Multivariate statistical analysis of Evans blue exudation spots and acupoint sensitization distribution in rats with acute intestinal mucosal injury / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution characters of Evans Blue (EB) exudation spots in the abdominal area in acute intestinal mucosal injury (AIMI) rats by using latitude and longitude grid counting and multivariate statistical analysis and to explore the feasibility of these methods. METHODS: Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into blank control, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% mustard oil groups (n＝6 rats in each group). The AIMI model was established by mustard oil enema, followed by injection of EB (0.1 mL/100g) into the tail vein. At 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 h after EB injection, the rats under anesthesia were fixed in supine position for observing and photographing the abdominal subcutaneous EB exudation spots. The H．E. staining was used to observe histopathological changes of colonic mucosa. The longitude and latitude grids of the abdominal region were constructed (by taking the midpoint of the superior sternum as the origin) to determine the position of the blue spots. That the coordinate grids of the two regions can be connected geometrically is termed as "characteristic region". The data were processed by using multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS: ① H．E. staining showed edema and inflammatory cell infiltration after colonic enema of different concentrations of mustard oil. ② Clustering analysis indicated that the distribution of exudation points in the "characteristic grid" had no temporal variation trend, and was not related with the concentration of mustard oil (P>0.05). ③ Factor analysis and contour analysis about the exudation spots of EB at 7.5% concentration showed that the "characteristic region Ⅱ" of different factors presented a tendency of time-dependent exudation, i．e. reduction of exudation degree along with time (P<0.05), and it is located near "Tianshu" acupoint. ④At 5 h after injection of EB, the 8 "characteristic regions" presented an EB-concentration-dependent tendency (reduction in exudation degree along with the increase of EB-concentration), among which the exudation degree of region C (near "Tianshu" acupoint) of the abdomen was higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The multivariate statistical analysis method can be used to identify the abdominal "characteristic regions" of exudation spots of EB in rats with AIMI, and the characteristic region has acupoint sensitization characteristics related to the time and severity of mucosal injury.

Study on Repair Effect of Artificial Isaria cicadae on Intestinal Mucosal Injury Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the repair effect of artificial Isaria cicadae on intestinal mucosal injury induced by 5-fluorouracil （5-FU） in rats. METHODS： Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， artificial I. cicadae high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups （3.5， 1.75， 0.875 g/kg）， with 8 rats in each group. Except for normal group， other groups were given intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU （0.25 g/10 mL） 30 mg/kg， once a day， for consecutive 5 days. At the same time， each group was given relevant medicine/normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 8 d. After medication， body weight of rat was determined in each group. HE staining was used to observe the pathological change of small intestine. The levels of biobarrier-related factor [endotoxin （ET）， D-lactic acid （D-LA）]， immune barrier related factors （TNF-α， IFN-γ， sIgA， IL-15， G-CSF in serum and MPO， MDA in small intestine） and the levels of mechanical barrier related factors （connexin ZO-1 and Claudin-1） were detected. RESULTS： Compared with normal group， body weight of rats in model group was decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Intestinal villus exfoliated obviously， the crypt structure was scattered， a large number of inflammatory cells gathered， and intestinal mucosa was seriously damaged. Serum levels of ET and D-LA， the levels of TNF-a， IFN-γ， MPO and G-CSF in serum， MDA level in small intestine were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Serum levels of sIgA and IL-15 as well as the expressions of ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in small intestine were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， body weight of rats in artificial I. cicadae high-dose group was increased significantly （P＜0.01）. The pathological changes of the small intestine of rats in each administration group were improved to varying degrees. The intestine morphology of artificial I. cicadae high-dose and medium-dose groups was close to that of the normal group. The levels of and ET， D-LA， TNF-α， IFN-γ， MPO， G-CSF in serum and the level of MDA in intestinal were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Serum levels of   sIgA and IL-15 in administration groups as well as the expressions of ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in intestinal tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Artificial I. cicadae can repair intestinal mucosal damage caused by 5-FU in respects of mechanical barrier， immune barrier， biological barrier.

Nutritional treatment of radiotherapy-induced mucosal injury / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Mucosal injury is the most common complication of radiotherapy for head and neck neoplasms.The relevant symptoms include oral pain,dysphagia,decreased diet intake,and secondary infection,which can lead to the interruption of treatment and even affect the clinical efficacy and quality of life.Wound repair depends on nutrition supply.Inappropriate nutrition plan may affect the healing process.Therefore,proper nutritional strategy plays a pivotal role in promoting the healing of mucosal injury.Based on current researches on radiotherapy-induced mucosal injury and the effect of nutrients on wound healing,the epidemiology,pathophysiology,clinical manifestations and nutritional therapy for radiotherapy-induced mucosal injury were reviewed,aiming to provide references for clinical practice.

Observation on dynamic changes of gastrointestinal mucosal injury in rats with acute stage of cerebral infarction / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To investigate the dynamic characteristic changes of gastrointestinal mucosa and its relationship with disease progression in rats with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Fifty-six male Wistar rats were selected as the study subjects, and they were divided into three groups: normal control, sham operation and cerebral infarction model groups by random number table method. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was prepared by the modified Longa thread embolic method. The levels of gastrin (GAS) were monitored in each group after modeling for 24 hours, 4 days and 7 days; after the rats were killed, the sections of gastric antrum and small intestine were taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method, the histopathological changes of gastric and small intestinal mucosa were observed under light microscope, in the mean time the gastric and small intestinal mucosal pathological scores were also performed, and the differences of pathological scores among the three groups were compared. Results There were no statistical significant differences in GAS, gastrointestinal mucosa and small intestinal mucosal pathological scores between the normal control group and sham operation group at each time point (all P > 0.05); the GAS level in cerebral infarction model group was decreased gradually with time prolongation, reaching the lowest level 7 days after modeling, but the GAS level in cerebral infarction model group was significantly higher than that in normal group and shamoperation group (ng/L: 205.02±7.68 vs. 130.51±8.03, 145.29±7.68, both P < 0.05). The pathological scores of gastrointestinal mucosa and small intestinal mucosa in the cerebral infarction model group were increased first and then decreased with time prolongation, peaked on 4th day and decreased significantly on 7th day, the pathological scores of gastrointestinal mucosa and small intestinal mucosa in the cerebral infarction model group at each time point were significantly higher than those in the normal control group and sham-operated group (gastric mucosal pathological score: 82.50±2.95 vs. 21.38±1.57, 36.10±3.41; small intestinal mucosal pathological score: 62.00±2.78 vs. 18.25±1.39, 25.55±1.75, all P < 0.05). Under light microscopy, the normal control group showed complete normal morphological appearance, normal structure, orderly arrangement of villi and no infiltration of inflammatory cells; in shamoperation group, inflammatory cells infiltrated the lamina propria at each time point, and there were villi slightly uneven, enlarged stroma, congestion, edema occasionally seen and no obvious ulcer; in cerebral infarction model group, the various layers of gastrointestinal mucosal were not very clear, the glands were arranged irregularly and the capillaries dilated, and in part of tissues, congestion, hemorrhage, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen obviously. Conclusion The injury of gastrointestinal mucosa in acute stage of cerebral infarction should be related to the stress stimulation and disease progress of cerebral infarction itself, not due to the abnormal secretion of GAS.

Exploration of establishing a tree shrew model of chronic gastrointestinal mucosal injury / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing a tree shrew model of chronic gastrointestinal mucosal injury. Methods A total of 12 adult male tree shrews were randomly divided into 3 groups. The experimental groups 1 and 2 were administered with intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/(kg·d)and 1 mg/(kg·d)of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2, 3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)once every day for 56 days, respectively. The control group was given the same volume of sterile saline at the corresponding time points. Changes in the body weight of the tree shrews were observed. The contents of dopamine in the cerebrospinal fluid were detected. Gastrointestinal morphology was observed by stereoscope and histopathological changes of the gastrointestinal mucosa were examined by HE staining. Results The body weight and the contents of dopamine in the cerebrospinal fluid of the tree shrews in the model group were significantly decreased(P< 0.05 for both). Pathological changes to some extent of the gastric antrum, the gastric body and the duodenum were observed, without obvious differences between the 2 mg/kg group and the 1 mg/kg group. No obvious changes were found in the control group. Conclusions Long-term intraperitoneal injection with a low dose of MPTP is a feasible method for the establishment of a tree shrew model of chronic gastrointestinal mucosal injury. The optimal dose is 2 mg/(kg·d)every day for 56 days.

Protective effect and mechanism of hydrogen-rich water on ethanol-induced acute gastric injury / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To explore the protective effect and mechanism of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on ethanol-induced acute gastric injury.Methods The experimental study was conducted.Forty kunming mice were divided into the 4 groups by random number table method:normal control group [0.01 mL/g normal saline (NS)+ 0.03 mL/g NS],HRW group (0.01 mL/g NS +0.03 mL/g HRW),ethanol model group (0.01 mL/g 56°alcoholic drinks +0.03 mL/g NS),HRW treated group (0.01 mL/g 56°alcoholic drinks +0.03 mL/g HRW).Ten mice in each group were administrated twice a day for 7 days.Testing indicators:(1) gastric ulcer index was measured,(2) pathological examination of gastric tissues,(3) activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and expressions of malondialdehyde (MDA),interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured,(4) expressions of SOD and MDA in gastric tissues were measured,(5) protein expressions of apoptosis related factors (caspase-3,bax,caspase-9,fas and caspase-8) in gastric tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry,(6) relative expressions of mRNA of apoptosis related factors (caspase-3,bax,caspase-9,fas and caspase-8) in gastric tissues were measured by realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Measurement data with normal distriburion were presented as (x)±s.Comparisons among groups were done using the one-way ANOVA and comparison between groups was done using the LSD-t test.Results (1) Gastric ulcer index was measured:gastric ulcer index of mice in the normal control group,HRW group,ethanol model group and HRW treated group were respectively 0,0,10.40± 1.64 and 3.92 ± 0.23,with statistically significant differences (F=175.050,P＜0.05).There was a statistically significant difference between the ethanol model group and normal control group or HRW treated group (t =19.835,12.352,P＜ 0.05).(2) Pathological examination pathological examination of gastric tissues:① Macropathology of gastric tissues:the surface of the gastric mucosa was normal and smooth in the normal control group and the HRW group,without ulcer,erosion and inflammation.The partial gastric mucosal erosion and ulcer in the ethanol model group was large and very severe.Compared with the ethanol model group,the area of gastric mucosal lesion was reduced in the HRW treated group.② Results of pathological examination of gastric tissues:gastric mucosa in the normal control group and HRW group were integrity.Compared with the normal control group,the partial gastric surface epithelium was degenerate and impaired in the ethanol model group.Compared with the ethanol model group,the gastric mucosal erosion and inflammatory cell infiltration were alleviated in the HRW treated group.(3) Expressions of serum SOD,MDA,IL-6 and TNF-α:expressions of serum SOD,MDA,SOD/MDA and IL-6 were respectively (70±6)U/mL,(7.52±0.23) μmol/L,9.40 ± 1.07,(6.3 ± 1.8) ng/L in the normal control group and (74 ± 4) U/mL,(7.61 ±0.91) μmol/L,9.91 ± 1.55,(5.1 ± 1.6)ng/ L in the HRW group and (101 ± 4) U/mL,(16.95 ± 0.66) μmol/L,5.99±0.17,(19.2±4.9) ng/L in the ethanol model group and (115±5) U/mL,(14.02±0.58) μmol/L,8.23±0.32,(7.1±1.8)ng/L in the HRW treated group,with statistically significant differences among the 4 groups (F=97.405,269.950,16.486,25.663,P＜0.05).The serum TNF-α levels were respectively (53± 14) ng/L,(67± 17) ng/L,(52± 13) ng/L,(58±21) ng/L in the above 4 groups,with no significant difference (F=0.862,P＞0.05).(4) Expressions of SOD and MDA in gastric tissues were measured:expressions of SOD and MDA and SOD/MDA were respectively (93 ± 18) U/mL,(7.90± 1.72) μmol/L,12.48±4.54 in the normal control group and (93±13) U/mL,(6.96± 1.49) μmol/L,13.83±3.40 in the HRW group and (121±31) U/mL,(17.10±4.88) μmoL/L,7.88± 3.70 in the ethanol model group and (143 ± 26) U/mL,(7.31 ± 1.58) μmoL/L,20.00±4.68 in the HRW treated group,with statistically significant differences among the 4 groups (F=5.463,15.051,7.388,P＜ 0.05).(5) The expressions of apoptosis related factors in gastric tissues:the results of immunohistochemistry showed that the levels of caspase-3,bax and fas were repectively 0.065 5± 0.003 7,0.065 7±0.003 0,0.225 4±0.024 3 in the normal control group and 0.065 7±0.002 7,0.064 9±0.003 0,0.246 0±0.022 3 in the HRW group and 0.330 7±0.017 3,0.335 4±0.033 3,0.397 0±0.028 5 in the ethanol model group and 0.096 7±0.003 0,0.084 8±0.001 7,0.375 0±0.035 6 in the HRW treated group,showing statistically significant differences among the 4 groups (F=1 004.222,309.171,48.555,P＜0.05).The levels of caspase-9 and caspase-8 were respectively 0.049 2±0.000 4,0.151 5±0.010 2 in the normal control group and 0.047 9±0.002 0,0.154 00.013 5 in the HRW group and 0.047 0±0.003 7,0.157 2±0.006 2 in the ethanol model group and 0.048 7±0.000 8,0.153 9±0.006 3 in the HRW treated group,with no statistically significant difference among the 4 groups (F=0.998,0.297,P＞0.05).(6) The mRNA expressions of apoptosis related factors in gastric tissues:resutls of RT-PCR showed that relative expressions of mRNA of caspase-3,bax,caspase-9 and fas were respectively 1.00±0.00,1.00±0.00,1.00±0.00,1.00±0.00 in the normal control group and 0.72±0.43,0.66±0.26,1.57±0.31,0.50±0.19 in the HRW group and 3.19±0.87,1.58±0.76,3.04± 1.15,2.84±0.98 in the ethanol model group and 0.49±0.16,0.69±0.25,2.98±0.85,0.53±0.24 in the HRW treated group,showing statistically significant differences among the 4 groups (F=32.106,5.038,9.706,23.387,P＜0.05).The mRNA levels of caspase-8 were respectively 1.00±0.00,1.50±0.60,1.36±0.34,1.32±0.43 in normal control group,HRW group,ethanol model group and HRW treated group,with no significant difference among the 4 groups (F=1.337,P＞0.05).Conclusions Hydrogen-rich water could alleviate ethanolinduced acute gastric injury by antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis.Hydrogen-rich water is safe and reliable,without toxic and side effects on the body.

Characterization of taste-masking dry emulsion of azithromycin by in vitro and in vivo evaluation / 药学学报

To develop a taste-masking oral preparation of azithromycin for pediatrics, the reversed lipid nano-micelle techniques were used to mask the bitterness of azithromycin. Dry emulsion (DE) for taste-masking was prepared by solidifying the reversed-micelle oil solution containing azithromycin. Colloidal silicon dioxide was used as absorbent and solid carrier. Solidification was confirmed through dying test and observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The DE formulation was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and SEM in order to investigate the crystal state of drug. Reconstitution emulsion droplet size and morphology were also determined using Nano ZS90 Zetasizer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The taste testing was performed in two different ways, namely, human taste panel test and the measurement of the amount of drug released in simulated oral cavity condition. The intestinal mucosal irritation test of DE formulation was also investigated in rats in comparison with commercial product (Zithromax). The optimal taste-masking formulation of azithromycin can be re-dispersed immediately with mean diameter of 530.1 nm after agitation in water. The results of taste testing showed that the bitterness of azithromycin was successfully masked by DE formulation similar with Zithromax at the same dose, moreover reduced intestinal irritation compared to Zithromax. These results indicate that the DE formulation for taste-masking of azithromycin is promising and valuable in the future development of azithromycin for pediatrics.

The effect and mechanism of capsaicin prevented acute gastric mucosal injury by indomethacin / 实用医学杂志

Objective The study of capsaicin (CAP) on the effect and mechanism of indomethacin induced acute gastric mucosal injury in different period.Methods 80 SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups with 10 rats in each group.The experiment was completed in two phases,and the Ⅰ period was 2 weeks,the Ⅱ period was 4 weeks.The Ⅰ period including group A1 (control group),group B1 (model group),group C1 (CAP group),group D1 (CAP + indomethacin group).The grouping method of the two periods were the same.The rats' gastric mucosa were damaged by indomethacin,and then killed the rats 4 hours later.Last,astric juice was collected to determine the total acidity of gastric acid,counted thegastric mucosal injury index,observed the gastric mucosa pathological injury,detected the expression of TRPV 1、CGRP、MDA、SOD and PGI2.Results The Ⅰ period:the gastric mucosa of group A1 and C1 had no damage.Group D1 compared with group B1,there was no significant difference in gastric mucosa injury (P ＞ 0.05),total acidity decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),MDA was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05),SOD、PGI2 increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of TRPV1、CGRP increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The Ⅱperiod:the gastric mucosa of group A2 and C2 had no damage.Group D2 compared with group B2,the gastric mucosa injury were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),total acidity decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),MDA decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),SOD、PGI2 increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of TRPV1、CGRP increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There was no damage to the general morphology and histology of gastricmucosa in rats by intragastric CAP 1 mg/(kg· d) for 2 weeks and 4 weeks.2.It could prevent that indomethacininduced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats by pretreated with CAP 1 mg(kg· d) for 4weeks.

Relationship between Serum Diamine Oxidase Content and Intestinal Motility after Acute Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To measure the level of diamine oxidase (DAO), and observe the intestinal motor and mucosal barrier injury after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods A total of 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into SCI group (group A, n=15), sham group (group B, n=15) and control group (group C, n=15). SCI model was established with Allen's strike mode (10 g × 25 mm) by striking T10 spinal segment in rats. One day, three days and seven days after SCI, hind limb motor function was assessed with Basso-Beat-tie-Bresnahan (BBB) Scale in each group, the myoelectric slow wave and ileum smooth muscle contractility were measured in rats, ileum tis-sues were tested with HE staining, and the DAO content of serum was tested with ELISA kit. Results One day, three days and seven days af-ter SCI, the BBB score was significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C (P0.05). Group A showed ileal mucosal edema, lodging, inflammatory cell infiltration, and submucosal gap increase. The Chiu's score of intestinal mucosal injury was higher in group A than in groups B and C (P0.05). Conclusion Serum DAO content may respond to the intestinal motor function and mu-cosal injury after acute SCI in rats.

Influence of different CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure on intestinal mucosal injury and intestinal function recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To evaluate the influence of different CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure on intestinal mucosal injury and intestinal function recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.Methods:A total of 120 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were randomly divided into group A,B and C.Each group included 40 patients.CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure ingroup A,B and C were 8～10 mmHg,11～13 mmHg and 14～16 mmHg,respectively.The degree of intestinal mucosa damage,plasma D-lactate(2,24 and 48 hours after the treat-ment),intestinal function recovery and complication ration were compared between the three groups.Results:Damage degree of intestinal mucosa after operation in A,B and C groups were 0～1,1～2 and 2～3 respectively.There was significant change in intestinal mucosa injury after operation in both B and C groups.The level of D-lactic acid in group C (2,24 and 48 hours after the treat-ment) were significantly higher those in group A and group B (P＜0.05).The bowel sounds appeared time,exhaust time and intake time in group C were significantly longer than group A and group B (P＜0.05).The incidence of complications were not significantly difference during the three groups.Conclusion:The high pressure of CO2 pneumoperitoneum will cause intestinal mucosa damaged,and not conducive to the patients' intestinal rehabilitation.We suggest that the CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure should be as low as possible under clear visualization during operation.

The protective effects of Hericium Tablets on acute alcoholic gastric mucosal injury in rats and its mechanism / 中成药

AIM To explore the protective effects of Hericium Tablets on the injury of gastric mucosa and to investigate its possible mechanism.METHODS The rats were orally given doses of Hericium Tablets (0.25,0.5,1.0 g/kg) once a day for seven days.One hour after the last doses,the rats were orally given a dose of anhydrous ethanol (5 mL/kg).In one hour,the degree of gastric mucosal injury and pathological changes were observed.Gastric juice pH and pepsin activity were detected by absorbing the gastric juice.The contents of amino hexose,PGE2 and IL-1β were detected by scraping gastric mucosa.RESULTS Hericium Tablets can obviously alleviate the damage degree of gastric mucosa,reduce the gastric mucosal hyperemia,bleeding,edema and necrosis,as well as against the decrease of pepsin activity in gastric juice,and the decrease of the content of amino hexose in gastric mucosal layer was inhibited,but there was no significant effect on the contents of PGE2 and IL-1 β and the increasement of pH value of gastric juice.CONCLUSION The effects of Hericium Tablets on gastric mucosal injury are obvious,and its mechanism is related to the decrease of the contents of gastric mucosa.